Opuntia humifusa, also called as Eastern prickly pear, Devil's-tongue, Indian fig, Cactus compressus, Cactus humifusus, Cactus ita...
Opuntia humifusa, also called as Eastern prickly pear, Devil's-tongue, Indian fig, Cactus compressus, Cactus humifusus, Cactus italicus, Cactus opuntia, Opuntia allairei, Opuntia arkansana, Opuntia calcicola, Opuntia carolina, Opuntia compressa, Opuntia fuscoatra, Opuntia humifusa f. jeollaensis, Opuntia humifusa var. parva, Opuntia intermedia, Opuntia intermedia, Opuntia italica, Opuntia opuntia, Opuntia prostrata, Opuntia rafinesquiana, Opuntia turbinata, Opuntia vulgaris, Platyopuntia vulgaris, is a species of the genus Opuntia. This species was described by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque in 1830.
IDENTIFY EASTERN PRICKLY PEAR - OPUNTIA HUMIFUSA
Eastern prickly pear is native to Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mexico Northeast, Mississippi, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia. It is found growing in bushland, coastal bluffs, roadsides and often planted to make fences at elevations of 0–1650 meters above sea level.
It is a low-growing perennial cactus which usually reach 7.5-10 cm, occasionally to 30 cm tall with only one or two stem segments tall. Stem segments are fleshy or firm and become wrinkled under water stress. Stems are sparsely covered with clusters of barbed bristles and spines.
Opuntia humifusa blooms in late spring. The flowers are large, waxy and yellow, at times orangey-yellow or reddish at the base of petals. The edible fruits are oblong and turn brownish-red when mature, and often remains on the cactus until the following spring. There are 6 to 33 small, flat, light-colored seeds in each fruit.
EASTERN PRICKLY PEAR - OPUNTIA HUMIFUSA CARE AND CULTURE
Cultural information should only be used as a guide, and should be to be adapted to suit you. Your physical location; where you grow your plants, how much time you have to devote to their care, and many other factors, will need to be taken into account. Only then can you decide on the cultural methods that best suit you and your plants.
Light and exposure:
Eastern prickly pear prefers a lot of light. Mature plants can tolerate heavy sun exposure and hot temperatures during the peak season. In the cooler months and winter, they are just fine indoors with bright indirect light from a window. Immature plants (under two years old) do well with lots of bright, indirect sunlight.
Temperature:
Opuntia humifusa are very hardy and can grow outdoors year-round in USDA hardiness zones 4-10. Mature plants can tolerate very high temperatures during the day and desert-like drops in temperature overnight. They prefer hot, dry summers and cooler fall and winter months. The plant cannot tolerate temperatures lower than - 12° C and you should never keep this plant in an area where the nighttime temperature falls lower than -5° C.
Soil:
Eastern prickly pear can tolerate poor soil conditions. If growing on the ground, it even tolerates heavy soil to some extent if it doesn't remain wet. However, it's best to grow it in well-drained, light, sandy and loamy soil. Avoid clay-rich soil that is not well draining and promotes water-stagnation.
Potting and repot:
Opuntia humifusa will grow just fine in a garden, they can be grown in pots as well. When keeping this plant as a potted plant, use standard, packaged succulent or cactus mix as potting soil with pH level of 6.1-7.8. For a mixture of own preparation, take: 3 parts of coarse sand or perlite, 2 parts of turf ground, 2 parts humus, 2 parts peat. You can also add brick chips.
As the plant grows, it will need repotting. Don’t repot to frequently, instead wait until the plant is somewhat root-bound. Most of the time, repotting every two years is adequate. Springtime is the ideal time to repot and propagate the plant. To repot, ensure the soil is dry, then remove the pot and knock away the old soil, remove rotten and damaged roots. After treating any cuts with fungicide, place the plant in a new pot and backfill it with potting soil. As with a new cutting, make sure not to water a newly repotting plant for at least a week to avoid rotting its roots.
Watering:
Eastern prickly pear is very sensitive to water therefore optimum irrigation should be provided during early stages of growth. The plants do not irrigate immediately after planting. Light watering should be done after 2-3 days of planting and there after irrigation should be given at 10-15 days interval up to one year. Fully established plantation requires light irrigation, 1-2 times a month is beneficial.
It is best to water thoroughly and then allow the soil to dry out completely before watering again. Make sure the plant has plenty of good drainage so it is never standing in water. Water extremely sparingly during the late fall and winter months. In the wintertime, it’s best to keep the plant dry.
Fertilizer:
Opuntia humifusa has very low fertilizer requirements. During growth, You can use a weak solution of water-soluble fertilizer for cacti once a month. Winter application of manures and fertilizers has been reported very effective in obtaining new sprouts. They reacts very well to organic manures which also improve the soil structure, nutrient content and water-holding capacity.
If you grow the plant for its pads, feed with a high-nitrogen fertilizer. If you prefer more flowers and fruits, give the plants a no-nitrogen fertilizer such as 0-10-10 once a month, even through the winter. During this dormant period, the plants require a bright situation and enough water only to keep the pads from shriveling.
Rest period:
This cacti does not need a rest period, but water should be reduced in winter. Pay attention throughout the year to a uniform soil moisture and the highest possible humidity.
Pruning and grooming:
Eastern prickly pear can be a grooming-free plant if you desire. You never need to prune them. Just cut off any unhealthy or unattractive parts as you wish to shape the plant and attain cuttings for propagation. Cut off flowers as they fade if you do not wish fruits to form. You may need to dust or rinse the plants occasionally. Use a feather duster for dusting and spray with the hose, outdoors in the summertime.
Propagation:
Opuntia humifusa are usually propagated from cuttings or root segments. The easiest way to propagate this plant is through stem division. The pads of the plant will root quickly and easily when placed in or on good, well-draining cactus or succulent soil. To grow from cuttings, choose a healthy-looking section and cut it off cleanly with a very sharp knife. Be sure to wear protective clothing, gloves and eye protection when handling this plant as the spines are so sharp. It is also propagated by seed that must be nicked and then pre-soaked at a temperature of 21° C overnight (seeds can hold for 1.5 months in a refrigerator), planted into a mixture of peat and sand and germinated, covered with foil and daily aerating and sprinkling crops. Seeds germinate long enough (up to 3 months). After the emergence of shoots, the film can be removed.
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